هیدروژل ابرجاذب پلی‌آکریل آمید سولفون‌دار-آلومینیم نیترات: خواص تورمی، مکانیکی، گرمایی و ساختاری

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 تهران، پژوهشگاه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران، پژوهشکده مهندسی نفت، صندوق پستی 186-14335

2 تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکز، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، گروه شیمی، صندوق پستی 466-19585

3 اصفهان، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، گروه مهندسی شیمی، صندوق پستی 83111-84156

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف ساخت نمونه آزمایشگاهی هیدروژل با تورم‌پذیری زیاد و حفظ ساختار سه‌بعدی در برابر شرایط محیطی انجام ‌شد. روش‌ها در پژوهش حاضر نخست برپایه طراحی و ساخت شبکه سه‌بعدی هیدروژل ابرجاذب با استفاده از پلیمر آکریل‌آمید سولفون‌دار آبکافت شده و آلومینیم نیترات 9 آبه به‌عنوان عامل شبکه‌ساز و درنهایت تحلیل داده‌ها و تعیین هیدروژل بهینه با استفاده از روش پاسخ سطح بوده است. به‌عبارت‌ دیگر، با طراحی مجموعه آزمون‌ها و با استفاده از روش پاسخ سطح، هیدروژل بهینه برحسب سه پاسخ زمان تشکیل، زمان چروکیدگی و مقدار تورم شناسایی شد که البته خواص شیمیایی و شکل‌شناسی هیدروژل ابرجاذب بهینه با استفاده از روش بطری (تورم و چروکیدگی)، رئولوژی، طیف‌سنجی تفکیک انرژى (EDS) و آزمون گرماوزسنجی (TGA) معین شد. نتایج نشان داد، هیدروژل بهینه ماده‌ای با غلظت 40000ppm از پلیمر شامل 6wt% عامل شبکه‌ساز است. زمان چروکیدگی هیدروژل ابرجاذب بهینه حاصل بیش از 180 روز، مقدار تورم 2800 برابر وزن ماده خشک اولیه، مدول کشسانی 15240Pa و پایداری گرمایی تا دمای  325 درجه سلسیوس بود. در این پژوهش، بیشترین مقدار تورم (4000 برابر وزن خشک هیدروژل ابر جاذب) در ترکیب هیدروژل با غلظت 20000ppm پلی‌آکریل آمید و با نسبت وزنی 6 به 100 آلومینیم نیترات 9 آبه به پلیمر مشاهده شد. اما، زمان چروکیدگی آن (کمتر از 10 روز) مانع از انتخاب این ترکیب از دو ماده به‌عنوان غلظت بهینه شد. همچنین، نسبت وزنی عامل شبکه‌ساز به پلیمر به‌عنوان کنترل‌کننده زمان تشکیل و چروکیدگی هیدروژل و غلظت پلیمر پارامتر اصلی در کنترل مقدار تورم، معرفی شد. پلی‌آکریل آمید و با نسبت وزنی 6 به 100 آلومینیم نیترات نه آبه به پلیمر مشاهده شد، اما زمان چروکیدگی آن (کمتر از 10 روز) مانع از انتخاب این ترکیب از دو ماده به عنوان غلظت بهینه شد. همچنین، نسبت وزنی عامل شبکه‌ساز به پلیمربه‌عنوان کنترل‌کننده زمان تشکیل و چروکیدگی هیدروژل و غلظت پلیمر پارامتر اصلی در کنترل مقدار تورم معرفی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Superabsorbent Sulfonated Polyacrylamide/Aluminum Nitrate Hydrogel: Swelling, Mechanical, Thermal and Structural Properties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa Baghban Salehi 1
  • Delara Ehsani Sohi 2
  • Mayram Otadi 2
  • Majid Abedi Lengi 3
1 Department of Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P. O. Box: 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P. O. Box: 19585-466, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, P. O. Box: 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

A hydrogel was prepared with high swelling capacity and a stable three-dimensional structure under environmental conditions. The methodology in this study involved the design and construction of a three-dimensional network for a superabsorbent hydrogel using hydrolyzed sulfonated polyacrylamide as polymer and nonahydrate aluminum nitrate as crosslinker. Further methodology involved data analysis to achieve a hydrogel optimized by response surface methodology. The optimum hydrogel in terms of three responses (i.e., gelation time, syneresis and swelling) was identified by designing a series of experiments. The chemistry and morphology of optimal superabsorbent hydrogel was determined by bottle tests (swelling and syneresis), rheology, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of this study demonstrated its polymer concentration of 40,000 ppm and crosslinker concentration of 6 wt% for preparation of optimum hydrogel. The syneresis of the optimum hydrogel was more than 180 days and it swelled to 2800-times of its initial dry weight; its elastic modulus was 15240 Pa with thermal stability by 325°C. The highest swelling rate (4000-times of the dry weight) was observed for a hydrogel with a polyacrylamide concentration of 20000 ppm and a weight ratio of 6 wt% of crosslinker to polymer. An undesirable syneresis time of less than 10 days was obtained. Moreover, the main factor in controlling the gelation time and syneresis was the weight ratio of crosslinker to polymer, while for controlling the swelling capacity it was found to be polymer concentration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • superabsorbent hydrogel
  • swelling
  • syneresis
  • Rheology
  • thermal stability

مراجع

Guilherme M.R., Aouada F.A., Fajardo A.R., Martins A.F., Paulino A.T., Davi M.F.T., Rubira A.F., Muniz E.C., Superabsorbent Hydrogels Based on Polysaccharides for Application in Agriculture as Soil Conditioner and Nutrient Carrier: A Review, Eur. Polym. J., 72, 365-385, 2015.
Patel A.R., Dumlu P., Vermeir L., Lewille B., Lesaffer A., and Dewettinck K., Rheological Characterization of Gel-in-Oil-in-Gel Type Structured Emulsions, Food Hydrocoll., 46, 84-92, 2015.
Boztepe C., Solener M., Yuceer M., Kunkul A., and Kabasakal O.S., Modeling of Swelling Behaviors of Acrylamide-Based Polymeric Hydrogels by Intelligent System, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 36, 1647-1656, 2015.
Suriano R., Griffini G., Chiari M., Levi M., and Turri S., Rheological and Mechanical Behavior of Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Chemically Crosslinked with Allyl Agarose for Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 30, 339-346, 2014.
Baghban Salehi M., Vasheghani-Farahani E., Vafaie Sefti M., and Mousavi Moghadam A., Rheological and Transport Properties of Sulfonated Polyacrylamide Hydrogels for Water Shutoff in Porous Media, Polym. Adv. Technol., 25, 396-405, 2014.
Azizi S.N. and Mansour Lakouraj M., Synthesis and Swelling Behavior Optimization of Acrylic Superabsoebent Polymers for Medical, Pharmaceutical and Hygienic Application, J. Babol. Univers. Med. Sci., 10, 36-43, 2008.
Ghasemzadeh H. and Keshavarz A., Controlled Release of Indomethacin from Smart Starch-Based Hydrogels, Acrylic Acid and Cyclodextrin as a Nanocarrier, Iran. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. (Persian), 29, 495-504, 2017.
Shi Y., Xiong D., Liu Y., Wang N., and Zhao X., Welling, Mechanical and Friction Properties of PVA/PVP Hydrogels after Swelling in Osmotic Pressure Solution, Mater. Sci. Eng., 65, 172-180, 2016.
Kazanskii K.S. and Dubrovskii S.A., Chemistry and Physics of Agricultural Hydrogels, Adv. Polym. Sci. 104, 97-133, 1992.
Bera R., Dey A., and Chakrabarty D., Tuning of the Swelling and Dye Removal Efficacy of Poly(acrylamide-AMPS)-based Smart Hydrogel, Sep. Sci. Technol., 52, 743-755, 2016.
Ganji F., Vasheghani-Farahani S., and Vasheghani-Farahani E., Theoretical Description of Hydrogel Swelling: A Review, Iran. Polym. J., 19, 375-398, 2010.
Zhang M., Wang R., Shi Z., Huang X., Zhao W., and Zhao C., Multi-Responsive, Tough and Reversible Hydrogels with Tunable Swelling Property, J. Hazard. Mater., 322, 499-507, 2017.
Yang J., Shi F.K., Gong C., and Xie X.M., Dual Cross-Linked Networks Hydrogels with Unique Swelling Behavior and High Mechanical Strength: Based on Silica Nanoparticle and Hydrophobic Association, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 381, 107-115, 2012.
Zhang X., Wang X., Li L., Zhang S., and Wu R., Preparation and Swelling Behaviors of a High Temperature Resistant Superabsorbent Using Tetraallylammonium Chloride as Crosslinking Agent, React. Funct. Polym., 87, 15-21, 2015.
Bagheri Marandi G., Payvand Kermani Z., and Kurdtabar M., Synthesis of Collagen-based Hydrogel Nanocomposite Using Montmorillonit and Study of  Adsorption Behavior of Cd2+ from Aqueous Solution, Iran. J. Polym. Sci. Techol. (Persian), 26, 73-82, 2013.
Baghban Salehi M., Vafaie Sefti M., Mousavi Moghadam A. and Dadvand Koohi A., Study of Salinity and pH Effects on Gelation Time of a Polymer Gel Using Central Composite Design Method, J. Macromol. Sci., Part B: Phys., 51, 438-451, 2012.
Engineering Statistics Handbook, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the International Sematech, 2003.
Sydansk.R.D., A New Conformance Improvement Treatment Chromium (III) Gel Technology, Society Petroleum Engineers (SPE 17329) Presented at SPE Enhanced Oil Recovery Symposium Tulsa, Oklahoma, 16-21, 1988.
Karimi S., Esmaeilzadeh F., and Mowla D., Identification and Selection of a Stable Gel Polymer to Control or Reduce Water Production in Gas Condensate Fields, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., 21, 940-950, 2014.
Wang X., Hou H., Li Y., Wang Y., Hao C., and Ge C., A Novel Semi-IPN Hydrogel: Preparation, Swelling Properties and Adsorption Studies of Co (II), J. Indust. Eng. Chem., 41, 82-90, 2016.
Uzum O.B and Karadag E., Equilibrium Swelling Studies of Chemically Cross-Linked Highly Swollen Acrylamide-Sodium Acrylate Hydrogels in Various Water-Solvent Mixtures, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 49, 609-616, 2010.
Karimi S., Kazemi S., and Kazemi N., Syneresis Measurement of the HPAM-Cr (III) Gel Polymer at Different Conditions: An Experimental Investigation, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., 34, 1027-1033, 2016.
Gharekhani H., Olad A., Mirmohseni A., and Bybordi A., Superabsorbent Hydrogel Made of NaAlg-g-poly(AA-co-AAm) and Rice Husk Ash: Synthesis, Characterization, and Swelling Kinetic Studies, Carbohydr. Polym., 168, 1-13, 2017.
Shchipunov Y.A., Koneva E.L., and Postnova I.V, Homogenous Alignate Gels: Phase Behavior and Rheological Properties, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 44, 758-766, 2002.
Hajighasem A. and Kabiri K., Cationic Highly Alcohol-Swellable Gels: Synthesis and Characterization, J. Polym. Res., 20, 218-, 2013.
Dragan E.S, Design and Applications of Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels. A Review, Chem. Eng. J., 243, 572-590, 2014.
Flory P.J, Principles of Polymer Chemistry, London, Cornell University, 1953.
Aalaie J., Vasheghani-Farahani E., Rahmatpour A., and Semsarzadeh M.A., Effect of Montmorillonite on Gelation and Swelling Behavior of Sulfonated Polyacrylamide Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Electrolyte Solutions, Eur. Polym. J., 44, 2024-2031, 2008.
Sabbagh F. and Idayu Muhamad I., Acrylamide-based Hydrogel Drug Delivery Systems: Release of Acyclovir from MgO nanocomposite hydrogel, J. Taiwan Inst Chem. Eng. (DNLM), 1-12, 2017.
Amiri F.¸ Sabzevari A.¸ Kabiri K., Bouhendi H., and Siahkamari M., Conversion of Lignocellulosic Bagasse Biomass into Hydrogel, Iran. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. (Persian), 29, 455-467, 2017.
Pham L.T. and Hatzignatiou D.G., Rheological Evaluation of a Sodium Silicate Gel System for Water Management in Mature, Naturally-Fractured Oilfields, J. Pet. Sci. Technol., 138, 218-233, 2016.
Okay O. and Opperman W., Polyacrylamide-Clay Nanocomposite Hydrogels: Rheological and Light Scattering Characterization, Macromolecules, 40, 3378-3387, 2007.
Qiujin L., Jixia G., and Jianfei Z., Rheological Properties and Microstructures of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Poly(acrylic acid) Blend Hydrogels, J. Macromol. Sci., Phys., 54, 1132-1143, 2015.
Bortolin A., Aouada F.A., Mattoso L.H.C., and Ribeiro C., Nanocomposite PAAm/Methyl Cellulose/Montmorillonite Hydrogel:Evidence of Synergistic Effects for the Slow Release of Fertilizers, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 61, 7431-7439, 2013.
Liu S., Kang M., Hussain I., Li K., Yao F., and Fu G.., High Mechanical Strength and Stability of Alginate Hydrogel Induced by Neodymium Ions Coordination, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 133, 1-7, 2016.
Mohammadi S., Vafaie Sefti M., Baghban Salehi M., Mousavi Moghadam A., Rajaee S., and Naderi H., Hydrogel Swelling Properties: Comparison Between Conventional and Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Water Shutoff Treatment, Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng., 10, 743-753, 2015.
Zhang X., Wang X., and Li L., Zhang S., and Wu R., Preparation and Swelling Behaviors of a High Temperature Resistant Superabsorbent Using Tetraallylammonium Chloride as Crosslinking Agent, React. Funct. Polym., 87, 15-21, 2015.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار