سنتز و شناسایی کوپلیمر پلی(‌پروپیلن-‌استیرن) پیوندخورده به نانولوله کربن چنددیواره با پلیمرشدن رادیکالی زنده واسطه نیتروکسیدی و روش میان‌لایه‌ای‌شدن در محلول

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کرمانشاه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، پژوهشکده فناوری سلامت، مرکز دارورسانی نانو، صندوق پستی 67145-1673

2 تهران، دانشگاه پیام نور، دانشکده علوم، صندوق پستی 3697-19395

چکیده

فرضیه: اصلاح شیمیایی کوپلیمرها و پلیمرهای تجاری و صنعتی مانند پلی‌پروپیلن (PP) یکی از تلاش‌ها و چالش‌های دانشمندان پلیمر است. در این کار پژوهشی، نانوکامپوزیت پلی‌پروپیلن اصلاح‌شده با پلی‌استیرن و نانولوله کربن چنددیواره با روش‌های جدید پلیمرشدن شامل پلیمرشدن رادیکالی زنده تهیه شدند.
روش‌ها: بدین منظور، ابتدا پلی‌پروپیلن عامل‌دار‌شده با مالئیک انیدرید تهیه شد. سپس برای ایجاد درشت‌آغازگر، پلی‌پروپیلن با حدواسط نیتروکسیدی و پلی‌پروپیلن عامل‌دار‌شده با مالئیک انیدرید، تحت واکنش با اتانول آمین و سپس آلفاکلروفنیل استیل کلرید قرار گرفت، تا پلی‌پروپیلن کلرواستیل‌دارشده حاصل شود. از سوی دیگر، 2، 2، 6، 6-تترامتیل-1-پی‌پیریدینیل اکسی (درشت‌آعازگر TEMPO) در مجاورت اسکوربیک اسید به TEMPO-OH تبدیل شد. واکنش TEMPO-OH با پلی‌پروپیلن کلرواستیل‌دار‌شده، به ایجاد درشت‌آغازگر نیتروکسیدی پلی‌پروپیلن (PP-g-TEMPO) منجر شد. به‌کمک ‌TEMPOهای قرارگرفته روی پلی‌پروپیلن، پلی‌استیرن با وزن مولکولی کنترل‌شده روی پلی‌پروپیلن قرار گرفت. در نهایت، نانوکامپوزیت (PP-g-PSt)-MWCNTs-g تهیه شد. در پژوهش دیگری که با فرایند استری‌شدن انجام شد، نانولوله‌های کربن ابتدا در واکنش با مخلوط سولفوریک اسید، نیتریک اسید و سپس با تیونیل کلرید به‌ترتیب با گروه‌های کربوکسیل و کلر عامل‌دار‌شده و در مرحله بعد با PP-OH برای تهیه نانوکامپوزیت PP-g-MWCNTs در حلال THF بازروانی و وارد واکنش شدند.
یافته‌ها: هر یک از مراحل واکنش با طیف‌سنجی FTIR و 1H NMR بررسی و انجام موفقیت‌آمیز واکنش‌ها تأیید شد. وجود لایه پلیمری ایجادشده در سطح نانولوله‌ها با میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری نیز تأیید شد. همچنین گرماوزن‌سنجی نشان داد، پلیمرهای اتصال‌یافته به سطح نانولوله‌ها مقاومت گرمایی بیشتری نسبت به پلیمر خالص دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymer Poly(propylene-co-styrene) Grafted-Multiple-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Nitroxide-mediated Living Radical Polymerization and Solution Intercalation Method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Jaymand 1
  • Saber Ghasemi Karajabad, 2
  • Haleh Ghaeminia, 2
  • Mojtaba Abbasian 2
1 Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1673-67145, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Hypothesis: Chemical modification of commercial and industrial copolymers and polymers such as polypropylene (PP) is one of the challenges of polymer chemistry. In this research work, a polypropylene nanocomposite modified with polystyrene (PSt) and carbon nanotube was synthesized by new methods, including living free radical polymerization (LFRP).
Methods: Maleic anhydride was grafted onto polypropylene (PP) followed by opening of the anhydride ring with ethanolamine to produce hydroxylated polypropylene (PP-OH). Hydroxyl groups were esterified using α-phenyl chloroacetyl chloride to obtain PP-Cl. Then 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) was immobilized onto the PP backbone using a nucleophilic substitution reaction to produce PP-TEMPO macroinitiator. Afterward, the monomer (St) was grafted onto the backbone (PP) through “grafting onto” technique to afford (PP-TEMPO)-g-PSt. The chloride-end-caped PP-g-PSt copolymer was then attached to the oxidized MWCNTs in the presence of DMF as solvent to produce the MWCNTs-g-(PP-g-PSt) nanocomposite by solution intercalation method. Also, the present study confirmed that PP-g-MA was efficient to promote the dispersion of MWCNTs in the PP matrix, which solved the problem of CNTs aggregation and limited compatibility between nanotubes and polymer matrices. In another study nanotubes-polypropylene nanocomposities were prepared through esterification process.
Findings: The chemical structures of all samples were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Chemical bonding (PP-TEMPO)-g-PSt to MWCNTs was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results. In addition, morphology studies were investigated using TEM and SEM images. A synthesized MWCNTs-g-(PP-g-PSt) nanocomposite can be used as a reinforcement for polymer (nano-) composites due to the superior features of MWCNTs as well as their compatibility with polymer materials after functionalization processes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • nano composited
  • isotactic polypropylene
  • polystyrene
  • multiple-walled carbon nanotube
  • nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization

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