پایدارسازی سلول‌های خورشیدی پلیمری و اهمیت آن‌ها‌ در سامانه‌های فوتوولتایی

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 تبریز، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، گروه مهندسی شیمی، صندوق پستی 5375171379

2 دامغان، دانشگاه دامغان، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، گروه مهندسی مکانیک، صندوق پستی 41167-36716

چکیده

استفاده از انرژی‌های پاک یکی از دغدغه‌های اجتناب‌ناپذیر جوامع امروزی است. سلول‌های خورشیدی با تبدیل نور خورشید به جریان الکتریسیته می‌توانند پاسخگوی بخش بزرگی از نیازهای انسان امروزی به انرژی برق در مصارف خانگی و صنعتی باشند. از این میان، سلول‌های خورشیدی پلیمری به‌دلیل داشتن بازده مناسب و روش ساخت آسان در سال‌های اخیر مورد توجه زیادی قرارگرفته‌اند. با وجود این، پژوهشگران در تلاش هستند، ضمن کاهش هزینه‌ ساخت این نوع سلول‌های خورشیدی، بازده آن‌ها را نیز افزایش دهند. افزون بر کارایی زیاد سلول‌های خورشیدی پلیمری، پایداری آن‌ها نیز مسئله‌ای بسیار تعیین‌کننده در ساخت این نوع سامانه‌هاست. پیشرفت‌های سریع در زمینه سلول‌های فوتوولتایی از چند دهه‌ پیش به مرحله‌ای رسیده است که میان دنیای پلیمر و استفاده از نور خورشید برای تولید انرژی، پیوند عمیق و ناگسستنی ایجاد کرده است. سلول‌های خورشیدی پایدار در کاربردهای مختلفی همچون تجهیزات ایستگاه‌های فضایی، ماشین‌های خورشیدی، حسگرها، چراغ‌های راهنمایی و ساعت‌های خانگی و مچی استفاده می‌شوند. سلول‌های خورشیدی پلیمری با داشتن حساسیت زیاد در برابر عوامل محیطی و پیکربندی متشکل از مواد تخریب‌پذیر و اکسیدشونده توجه زیادی را در بحث پایداری و عملکرد جلب کرده‌اند. در این مقاله، عوامل اثرگذار بر کاهش پایداری سلول‌های خورشیدی پلیمری نظیر شکل‌شناسی نیمه‌پایدار، اکسیژن، گرما و تنش مکانیکی بحث می‌شود. افزون ‌بر این، راهکارهای افزایش پایداری نظیر دستکاری ساختار شیمیایی و شکل‌شناسی لایه‌ فعال، هندسه‌ وارون، بهینه‌سازی لایه‌های بافری، الکترودهای پایدار و تغییر ساختار مولکولی پلیمرها و سایر اجزا مرور شده و در هر بخش به‌اختصار کارهای شاخص انجام‌شده توضیح داده می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Stabilization of Polymer Solar Cells and Their Importance in Photovoltaic Sys‌tems

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Agbolaghi 1
  • Omid Mohammadi-Vanyar 1
  • Saleheh Abbaspoor 2
1 Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, P.O. Box 5375171379, Tabriz, Iran
2 Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Damghan University, P.O. Box 36716-41167, Damghan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, the use of renewable energy resources has been considered as one of the imminent issues in human life. By converting solar energy into electricity, solar cells can meet mos‌t of the needs of communities for domes‌tic and indus‌trial use. Meanwhile, polymer solar cells have received much attention in recent years for their acceptable performance and easy manufacturing method. Nevertheless, researchers are trying to simultaneously decrease the cos‌t of preparation and increase efficiency. In addition to the high efficacy of polymer solar cells, their s‌tability in the manufacturing process is a challenge. For decades, rapid advances in photovoltaic cells have s‌trongly linked the world of polymers and photovoltaic energies. Stable solar cells can be used in a variety of applications, such as space s‌tation equipment, solar vehicles, sensors, traffic lights, clocks and watches and more. Due to their high sensitivity to environmental factors, degradability and susceptibility to oxidation, polymer solar cells are very important in performance and s‌tability. Polymer solar cells with high sensitivity to environmental factors and configuration containing of degradable and oxidizing materials have attached much attention in the discussion of s‌tability and performance. In the present s‌tudy, effective properties in reducing the s‌tability of polymer solar cells, including semi-s‌table morphology, oxygen, heat, s‌tress, etc., will be discussed. Moreover, outs‌tanding methods for increasing s‌tability such as architectural manipulation and morphology of the active layer, reverse configuration, optimization of buffer layers, s‌table electrodes, molecular res‌tructuring of polymers and other components, etc. are reviewed and in each section, the principal researches are briefly discussed. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Polymer solar cell
  • energy
  • efficiency
  • stability
  • morphology

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مجله علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر
دوره 34، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 172
خرداد و تیر 1400
صفحه 99-129

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