کاربرد پلی‌استرهای آلیفاتیک زیست‌تخریب‌پذیر در مهندسی بافت

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

شیراز، دانشگاه شیراز، دانشکده علوم، بخش شیمی،‌ کد پستی ۸۴۳۳۴-۷۱۹۴۶

چکیده

مهم‌ترین چالش در انواع مهندسی بافت، طراحی داربست‌ها با خواص فیزیکی، مکانیکی و زیستی مشابه با ماتریس برون‌سلولی (ECM) بافت هدف است. در حالت ایده­‌آل تکثیر مناسب سلول­‌ هم‌زمان با تخریب داربست و در نهایت بازسازی و ایجاد بافت مدنظر درون داربست اتفاق می‌افتد. استفاده از پلیمرهای زیست‌­تخریب­‌پذیر یا ترکیبی از این پلیمرها و سرامیک، فلزات یا کربن به ایجاد داربست‌ها با خواص مدنظر منجر می‌­شود. تاکنون پلیمرهای طبیعی و سنتزی مختلفی بدین منظور پیشنهاد شده‌­اند که پلی‌استرهای آلیفاتیک زیست­‌تخریب‌­پذیر و زیست‌­سازگار به‌­دلیل داشتن خواص قابل پیش‌­بینی و تنظیم‌پذیر، یکی از بهترین ماتریس‌های پلیمری در طراحی داربست­‌های استفاده‌شده در مهندسی بافت شناخته شده‌اند. به‌دلیل خواص منحصر به‌فرد این پلیمرها، تعداد پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده درباره آن‌ها با هدف کاربرد در مهندسی بافت در حال افزایش است و بنابراین بررسی مروری اهداف و چالش­‌های پیش‌رو ضروری به‌نظر می­‌رسد. بر این اساس، هدف مقاله حاضر معرفی و بررسی پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده درباره پلی­‌استرهای آلیفاتیک زیست­‌تخریب­‌پذیر پرکاربرد شامل پلی­(لاکتیک ­اسید) (PLA)، پلی(گلیکولیک ­اسید) (PGA)، پلی­(لاکتیک-co-گلیکولیک اسید) (PLGA)، پلی­‌کاپرولاکتون (PCL) و خانواده پلی‌­استرهای میکروبی پلی­‌هیدروکسی­‌آلکانوآت­‌ها (PHA) به­‌ویژه پلی‌­هیدروکسی ­بوتیرات (PHB) و کوپلیمر پلی(3-هیدروکسی بوتیرات-3coهیدروکسی والرات) (PHBV) است. در این مقاله به‌­طور ویژه روش­‌های سنتز، خواص ساختاری، فیزیکی، مکانیکی و زیستی این پلیمرها بررسی می‌شود و با ارزیابی روش‌­های متنوع اصلاح فیزیکی و شیمیایی گزارش­‌شده در مقاله‌های پژوهشی سال­‌های اخیر، به چگونگی غلبه بر چالش طراحی داربست مشابه با ECM پاسخ داده می‌شود. همچنین، درباره کاربرد این پلی­‌استرها در مهندسی انواع بافت سخت و نرم از جمله استخوان، غضروف، رباط، تاندون، ماهیچه، طحال، قرنیه و پوست بحث می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyesters for Application in Tissue Engineering

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir-Reza Arvaneh
  • Mehdi Sadat-Shojai
Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Postal Code 71946-84334, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Designing scaffolds with physical, mechanical, and biological properties like those of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the target tissue, is the most critical challenge in tissue engineering. Ideally, proper cell proliferation can simultaneously occur with the degradation of the scaffold to finally restore and create the desired tissue within the scaffold. The use of biodegradable polymers or a combination of these polymers and ceramics, metals or carbon leads to the fabrication of scaffolds with the required properties. Thus far, different natural and synthetic polymers have been proposed for this purpose, of which aliphatic biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters as a result of their predictable and adjustable properties have been known as one of the best polymeric matrices in designing scaffolds used in tissue engineering. Due to the unique properties of these polymers, the number of research works performed on them for application in tissue engineering is increasing and therefore it is necessary to review the goals and challenges ahead. Accordingly, the present work has attempted to re-examine studies performed on widely used biodegradable aliphatic polyesters including poly(lactic acid)(PLA), poly(glycolic acid)(PGA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and the family of microbial polyesters of the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), especially poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) as well as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) copolymer. This article specially focuses on the synthetic techniques and structural, physical, mechanical, and biological properties of these polymers to overcome the challenging task of designing ECM-like scaffolds by evaluating the various physical and chemical modification methods reported in recent research papers. The present study also reviews and discusses the application of these polyesters in soft and hard tissue engineering, such as bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, muscle, spleen, cornea, and skin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • polyester
  • biodegradable
  • tissue engineering
  • extracellular matrix
  • biocompatible

مراجع

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مجله علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر
دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 174
مهر و آبان 1400
صفحه 319-348

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