مروری بر پیشرفت‌های اخیر در جداکننده‌های بر پایه پلی‌اولفین‌ در کاربردهای باتری‌ لیتیم-یون

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

تهران، دانشگاه تهران، پردیس علوم، دانشکده شیمی، کد پستی 1417614411

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر، مطالعات متعددی درباره باتری‌های لیتیم-یون ثانویه برای کاربردهای گسترده شامل منبع تغذیه در وسایل الکترونیکی قابل‌حمل، وسایل نقلیه الکتریکی و مخزن ذخیره الکتریکی انجام شده است. به‌طور کلی، باتری‌های لیتیم-یون از چهار جزء شامل آند، کاتد، الکترولیت و جداکننده تشکیل شده‌اند. با وجود اینکه جداکننده‌ها در باتری‌های لیتیم-یون هیچ نقشی در واکنش‌های الکتروشیمیایی ندارند، اما به‌طور فیزیکی آند و کاتد را جدا می‌کنند، به‌طوری که وقتی جریان آزاد یون‌های لیتیم از راه الکترولیت مایع منتقل می‌شود، اتصال کوتاه الکتریکی رخ ندهد. از این‌رو، جداکننده نقش اساسی را در ایمنی و توان باتری‌های لیتیم یون دارد. در میان تعداد زیاد جداکننده‌هایی که تاکنون تولید شده‌اند، جداکننده‌های غشایی متخلخل پلی‌اولفینی شامل پلی‌اتیلن (PE) و پلی‌پروپیلن (PP)، به‌دلیل داشتن ویژگی‌های برجسته‌ای از جمله پایداری الکتروشیمیایی، استحکام مکانیکی خوب، کارایی و مقرون به‌صرفه‌بودن و از کارافتادگی گرمایی، به‌عنوان امیدوارکننده‌ترین جداکننده‌ها برای باتری‌های لیتیم-یون تجاری به‌شمار می‌آیند. با وجود این، جداکننده‌های غشایی مشکلات اساسی از جمله غیرقطبی‌بودن، انرژی سطحی کم و پایداری گرمایی ضعیف را برای ذخیره‌سازی وسایل نقلیه دارند. از این‌رو، در این بررسی انواع جداکننده‌های پلی‌‌اولفینی میکرومتخلخل استفاده‌شده در باتری‌های لیتیم-یون و روش‌های اصلاح سطح آن‌ها مرور شده‌اند. راهکارهایی همچون پیوندزنی با روش‌های مختلف، روش الهام‌گرفته از صدف و عامل‌دارکردن با نانوذرات معدنی نیز برای غلبه بر مشکلات نام‌برده به‌کار گرفته شده‌اند. نتایج پژوهش‌های بسیاری اثبات می‌کند، اگر با استفاده از روش‌ها و مواد مناسب اصلاح سطح انجام شود، خواص چشمگیری به‌وسیله جداکننده‌های پلی‌اولفینی تک‌لایه و چندلایه به‌دست خواهد آمد که می‌تواند پنجره‌ای جدیدی را به روی باتری‌های با عملکرد کارآمد بگشاید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Recent Advances in Polyolefin-Based Separators for Li-ion Battery Applications: A Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Akbar Heidari
  • Hossein Mahdavi
  • Milad Karami
School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Postal Code: 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted on secondary lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for innumerable applications, including power source for the portable electronics, electric vehicle, and electric storage reservoir. It is well-known that Li-ion batteries are made up of four different components, i.e., anode, cathode, electrolyte and separator. Even though separators play no roles in the electrochemical reactions, they physically separate the anode and cathode to avoid electrical short circuits when the free flow of Li ions transfers through the liquid electrolyte. According to the above-given statements, a separator takes a key part in the safety and the power capability of Li-ion batteries. Unil today, various separators have been introduced, among which polyolefin membrane separators have proved to be the most promising separators for commercial Li-ion batteries, arising from their outstanding properties, e.g., electrochemical stability, good mechanical strength, cost-efficiency, and thermal shutdown properties. Nevertheless, these membrane separators have faced several key drawbacks for vehicular storage, including non-polarity, low surface energy and poor thermal stability. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to review the types of polyolefin microporous separators which are widely employed in Li-ion batteries and all the intricate approaches taken for their surface modification. Several approaches including grafting by different methods, mussel-inspired technique and functionalization by inorganic nanostructures have been widely utilized to overcome the above- problems. It has been proven in the literature that outstanding properties can be provided through mono- and multilayer polyolefin separators if they are modified by proper strategies and materials, by which stat-of-the-art Li-ion batteries can be introduced..

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Li-ion battery
  • polyolefin separator
  • mono- and multilayer separators
  • surface modification techniques
  • functionalization of separators

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