مروری بر پلی‌یورتان‌های دارای کیتوسان: سنتز، خواص و کاربردها

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

اصفهان، دانشگاه اصفهان، دانشکده شیمی، کد پستی 73441-81746

چکیده

امروزه توجه به پلی‌یورتان‌ها به‌دلیل‌ سنتز آسان، مواد اولیه در دسترس، خواص مکانیکی مطلوب، زیست‌سازگاری و امکان ارائه محصولات متفاوت به‌شکل پلی‌یورتان‌های آب‌پایه، اسفنج، هیدروژل و چسب در حال افزایش است. کیتوسان پلیمری طبیعی بوده که از استیل‌زدایی کیتین استخراج می‌شود و دارای واحد‌های گلوکوزآمین و N-استیل گلوکوزآمین است. این پلیمر طبیعی غیرسمی، خواص بسیار مفیدی نظیر فعالیت ضدمیکروبی، زیست‌سازگاری، زیست‌تخریب‌پذیری و آثار ترمیم و بازسازی بافت را دارد. از ضعف‌های کیتوسان می‌توان به حل‌پذیری و فرایندپذیری ضعیف به‌دلیل تعدد پیوندهای هیدروژنی درون و بین‌مولکولی قوی آن اشاره کرد. از این‌رو، به‌طور عمده از کیتوسان به‌صورت اصلاح‌شده یا در ترکیب با سایر پلیمر‌ها در کاربرد‌های گوناگون استفاده شده‌ است. ترکیب پلیمر‌های سنتزی با پلیمر‌های طبیعی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است، زیرا پلیمرهای طبیعی مانند کیتوسان می‌توانند برخی از خواص مانند زیست‌سازگاری، زیست‌تخریب‌پذیری، سمیت کم، زنده‌مانی یاخته‌ای زیاد و رشد ذاتی بافت را نشان دهند، در حالی که پلیمرهای سنتزی ویژگی‌های دیگری مانند فرایندپذیری مطلوب، خواص فیزیکی و مکانیکی و پایداری شیمیایی و گرمایی مناسب را دارند. اخیراً از کیتوسان به‌منظور بهبود در خواص مکانیکی، پایداری گرمایی، زیست‌تخریب‌پذیری، خاصیت ضدمیکروبی و فعالیت زیستی در ترکیب با پلی‌یورتان‌ها استفاده شده است. طی این مطالعات، محصولاتی گوناگون مانند کامپوزیت، الاستومر، الیاف، اسفنج، داربست و هیدروژل برای کاربرد‌های مختلف تهیه شده است. در این مقاله،‌ پلی‌یورتان‌های دارای کیتوسان و روش‌های سنتز آن‌ها برای کاربردهای مختلف مرور شده است. محصولات تهیه‌شده در این مطالعات برای کاربرد‌های متنوع نظیر اصلاح پارچه‌ها، تهیه پوشش‌های ضدباکتری، زخم‌پوش‌ها، داربست‌های مهندسی بافت، ، الیاف، هیدروژل‌ و اسفنج پیشنهاد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review on Chitosan-Containing Polyurethanes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Mohammadi
  • Zahra Shahsanaei Goneirani
  • Alireza Fatahi
Department of Organic Chemistry and Polymer, Faculty of Chemisty, University of Isfahan, Postal Code 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, the specialists’ attention on polyurethanes is increasing day by day due to easy synthesis, available raw materials, favorable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and the possibility of providing different products, such as water-based polyurethanes, foams, hydrogels and glues. Chitosan is a natural polymer that is extracted from the deacetylation of chitin and contains glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine units. This non-toxic natural polymer has very useful properties such as antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tissue repair and regeneration effects. One of the weaknesses of chitosan is its poor solubility and processability due to its strong intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Therefore, chitosan has been used mainly in modified form or in combination with other polymers in various applications. The combination of synthetic polymers with natural polymers is of particular importance because natural polymers such as chitosan can show some properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, high cell viability, and internal tissue growth; while the synthetic polymers have other characteristics such as favorable processing, mechanical and physical properties, and appropriate chemical and thermal stability. Recently, chitosan has been used in combination with polyurethanes to improve its mechanical properties, thermal stability, biodegradability, antimicrobial properties and biological activity. During these studies, products in various forms such as composite, elastomer, fiber, foam, scaffold, and hydrogel have been prepared for different applications. In this review, polyurethanes containing chitosan and their synthesis methods for various applications are discussed. The products prepared in these studies have been suggested for various applications such as antibacterial coating, wound dressing, tissue engineering scaffold, fabric modification, fibers, hydrogels and foams.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Polyurethane
  • Chitosan
  • Synthesis
  • properties
  • Application

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مجله علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر
دوره 36، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 183
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 3-22

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