آخرین پیشرفت‌ها درآب‌کافت اسیدی برای تولید نانوبلورهای سلولوز به‌عنوان جزء تقویت‌کننده در نانوکامپوزیت‌های پایه‌اپوکسی

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 اصفهان، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، دانشکده مهندسی نساجی، کد پستی 83111-84156

2 اصفهان، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک ، کد پستی 83111-84156

3 کرج، شرکت مهندسی و ساخت ژنراتور مپنا، کد پستی 335-31775

چکیده

سلولوز به‌عنوان یکی از فراوان‌ترین پلیمرهای طبیعی با گستره وسیعی از کاربردها، توجه پژوهشگران زیادی را جلب کرده است. ساختارهای بر پایه سلولوز مانند نانوبلورهای سلولوز و نانوکامپوزیت‌های ساخته‌شده از آن‌ها از جمله مواد پرکاربرد در بسیاری از زمینه‌ها شناخته شده‌اند. تقاضا برای توسعه، تولید و استفاده از ساختارهای بر پایه سلولوز و کسب دانش مربوط به آن‌ها به‌سرعت در حال افزایش است. از این‌رو در مقاله پیش رو، آخرین تحولات برای تولید نانوبلورهای سلولوز، خواص و روش‌های پراکنش آن‌ها در ماتریس رزین اپوکسی به‌منظور دستیابی به خواص نهایی مطلوب در ساختار نانوکامپوزیت اپوکسی-نانوبلورهای سلولوز بحث شده‌ است. ابتدا، نانوبلورهای سلولوز ، به‌عنوان یکی از پراستنادترین نانومواد زیست‌تخریب‌پذیر و فراوان در طبیعت ‌معرفی شدند. پس از آن، روش‌های مختلف تولید نانوبلورهای سلولوز به‌تفصیل شرح داده شده است. در ادامه، با اشاره به کاربردهای مختلف نانوبلورهای سلولوز در بسیاری از زمینه‌ها، آب‌کافت اسیدی به‌عنوان یکی از کاربردی‌ترین و کم‌هزینه‌ترین روش‌های تولید این نانوذرات توضیح داده شده و به عوامل مؤثر بر این فرایند مانند منبع سلولوز، زمان و دمای فرایند آب‌کافت اسیدی و غلظت و نوع اسید مصرفی نیز اشاره شده است. پدیده کلوخگی و چگونگی دستیابی به پراکنش مطلوب نانوبلورهای سلولوز در ماتریس اپوکسی به‌عنوان یکی از چالش‌های اساسی در تولید نانوکامپوزیت‌های نانوبلورهای سلولوز-اپوکسی معرفی شده است. در همین راستا، به انواع روش‌های اصلاح سطح شیمیایی نانوبلورهای سلولوز اشاره شده است. در نهایت، اختلاف نظر پژوهشگران در زمینه انتخاب بهترین روش افزودن نانوبلورهای سلولوز به ساختار اپوکسی شرح داده شده است. با توجه به تقاضای رو به رشد استفاده از نانوکامپوزیت‌های کارآمد، پژوهش‌ها در این زمینه همچنان ادامه دارد. بنابراین، با ارائه بحث جامعی از آخرین پژوهش‌ها در این زمینه، سعی شده است دستاوردهای جدید پژوهشگران و روش‌های غلبه بر چالش‌های مربوط بررسی شود. مهم‌ترین دستاورد پژوهشگران، تأکید بر استفاده از محیط پراکنش مناسب با درنظرگرفتن انرژی سطحی نانوبلورهای سلولوز به‌منظور تولید نانوکامپوزیت‌هایی با خواص مکانیکی و ترمودینامیکی مطلوب است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Latest Advances in Acid Hydrolysis Technique for Production of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) as Reinforcing Component in Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reyhaneh Laghaei 1
  • Hossein Fashandi 1
  • Sayyed Mahdi Hejazi 1
  • Saleh Akbarzadeh 2
  • ُSamira Shaghaghi 3
  • Alireza Shamaei-Kashani 3
  • Bijan Jahanara 3
  • Elaheh Shahsavari 3
1 Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
3 Mapna Pars Generator Co., Karaj, 31775-335, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cellulose, as one of the most abundant natural polymers with a wide spectrum of applications, has drawn the attention of many researchers. In this regard, cellulose-base structures such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and nanocomposites are known as materials widely used in many fields. Therefore, development, production and use of cellulose-based structures by gaining the relevant insights are progressively increasing. In the present paper, the latest developments in the field of various extraction techniques of CNCs, their properties and dispersion methods in epoxy matrix to obtain desired mechanical properties in cellulose nano-crystals/epoxy nanocomposite structures are reviewed. First, cellulose nanocrystals are introduced as one of the most promising biodegradable and abundant nanomaterials widely used in various industries. The various production techniques of cellulose nanocrystals are briefly reviewed. Based on the various applications of cellulose nanocrystals in many fields, cellulose acid hydrolysis as one of the most practical and low-cost methods for cellulose nanocrystals preparation is described in details. In this regard, the source of cellulose, time and temperature of the acid hydrolysis, the concentration and type of acid as important factors of the hydrolysis process are investigated. Reinforcing epoxy-based nanocomposites using cellulose nanocrystals is the subject of another section. Dealing with problems associated with cellulose nanocrystals agglomeration phenomenon, the main challenge to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals within the epoxy matrix, is also thoroughly discussed. In this regard, various methods of chemical surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals are investigated. Finally, considering the investigated cases, the debate on the issue of appropriate methods for dispersing cellulose nanocrystals in the epoxy-based resin is comprehensively covered. It can be said that based on growing demands for high performance cellulose nanocrystals/epoxy nanocomposite structures, research on this field is ongoing. Therefore, in the present review, by providing a comprehensive discussion on the latest researche works conducted in this field, it has been attempted to present the new achievements of researchers and approaches to overcome the involved challenges. The most important achievement of researchers is the emphasis on selection of appropriate dispersion medium considering the cellulose nanocrystals surface energy to produce nanocomposites with suitable mechanical and thermomechanical properties. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cellulose nanocrystals
  • acid hydrolysis
  • epoxy
  • nanocomposite
  • particles distribution

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مجله علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر
دوره 36، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 185
مرداد و شهریور 1402
صفحه 231-258

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