الکترولیت‌های پلیمری در باتری‌های لیتیمی: مروری بر انواع، مشخصه‌ها و چالش‌ها

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسنده

گرگان، دانشگاه گلستان، دانشکده فنی ومهندسی، گروه مهندسی پلیمر، صندوق پستی 88389-49188

چکیده

امروزه رشد اقتصادی کشورها به تأمین منابع انرژی وابسته است. در بیشتر کشورها این منابع شامل زغال‌سنگ، نفت، گاز طبیعی و نیز انرژی هسته‌ای است. با وجود این، استفاده از این منابع با چالش‌های مختلفی از قبیل پایان‌پذیری، آلودگی و هزینه زیاد رو‌به‌روست. به‌منظور کاهش اتکای جهانی به منابع طبیعی پایان‌پذیر و سوخت‌های مخرب محیط‌زیست، تلاش‌های فراوانی در جایگزینی آن‌ها با منابع تجدیدپذیر از قبیل انرژی خورشیدی، آب و باد انجام شده است. لازمه استفاده از سامانه‌های تجدیدپذیر در تأمین انرژی، ذخیره‌سازی و امکان استفاده تمام اوقات از آن‌هاست. بدین منظور، باتری‌ها به‌عنوان یکی از فناوری‌های کاربردی جزو دستگاه‌های ذخیره انرژی مهم در زندگی روزانه ما هستند که نقش مهمی در ابزارهای الکتریکی و الکترونیکی دارند. با وجود این، کاربردهای عملی آن‌ها با مسائل ایمنی ناشی از الکترولیت مایع مواجه است، به‌ویژه زمانی که باتری‌ها در معرض شرایط سخت مکانیکی، گرمایی یا الکتریکی قرار می‌گیرند. الکترولیت‌های پلیمری به‌عنوان جایگزین الکترولیت مایع برای ساخت باتری‌های لیتیم ایمن پیشنهاد می‌شوند. در این مقاله، الکترولیت‌های پلیمری به دوگروه بزرگ الکترولیت پلیمری جامد و ژلی دسته‌بندی می‌شوند. ابتدا، خواص و مشخصه‌های الکترولیت‌های پلیمری جامد و ژلی بحث می‌شود. سپس، پیشرفت‌های اخیر پلیمرهای رایج از قبیل پلی(اتیلن اکسید)، پلی(متیل متاکریلات)، پلی‌آکریلونیتریل، پلی(وینیلیدن دی‌فلوئورید) و کوپلیمر پلی(وینیلیدن فلوئورید-هگزا فلوئوروپروپیلن)، زیست‌پلیمرها (سلولوز، پلی‌یورتان و پلی‌کاپرولاکتون)، پلی‌کربنات و پلی‌سیلوکسان‌ها به‌عنوان پلیمر میزبان الکترولیت‌های پلیمری در باتری لیتیم بحث می‌شوند. در نهایت، چالش‌ها و چشم‌اندازهای آتی الکترولیت‌های پلیمری برای باتری‌های لیتیمی بیان می‌شود. امید می‌رود، این مقاله بتواند اطلاعات مفیدی را برای توسعه الکترولیت‌های پلیمری جدید با خواص عالی به‌منظور کاربرد در باتری لیتیمی فراهم کند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries : A Review on Types, Characteristics and Challenges

نویسنده [English]

  • Elham Aram
Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, P.O. Box 49188‑88369, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, the economic growth of countries depends on the supply of energy resources. In most countries, these resources include coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy. However, the use of these resources faces various challenges, including the depletion of fossil fuel resources, environmental pollution and an escalating price. In order to reduce global reliance on finite natural resources and environmentally destructive fuels, many efforts have been made to replace them with renewable resources, such as solar energy, water, wind, and etc. Batteries are one of the most potential technologies for this purpose. Lithium batteries have become increasingly important energy storage systems in our daily lives, which play a significant role in electronics and electric vehicles. However, their practical applications are plagued by the safety issues from liquid electrolytes, especially when the batteries are exposed to mechanical, thermal, or electrical abuse conditions. Polymer electrolytes are being proposed as an alternative liquid electrolyte for building safer lithium batteries. In this review article, polymer electrolytes are divided into two large categories of solid polymer electrolytes and gel polymer electrolytes. The characteristics and properties of solid polymer electrolytes and gel polymer electrolytes are presented at the first. Then, the recent progress of common polymers, namely, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(methyl methacrylate), polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene difluoride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) copolymer, biopolymers (cellulose, polyurethane, polycaprolactone), polycarbonate and polysiloxanes as polymer host of polymer electrolytes will be discussed. Finally, we will discuss remaining challenges and future perspectives of the polymer electrolytes for high-performance lithium batteries. We hope that this paper can provide useful information for the development of new polymer electrolytes with excellent properties for use in lithium batteries. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Polymer
  • Lithium battery
  • Gel polymer electrolyte
  • Solid polymer electrolyte
  • Ionic conductivity

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مجله علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر
دوره 36، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 186
مهر و آبان 1402
صفحه 365-391

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